What is the difference between hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia?

• A. Hyperglycemia is low blood glucose; hypoglycemia is high.
• B. Both are the same condition.
• C. Hyperglycemia is high blood glucose; hypoglycemia is low blood glucose, each with distinct symptoms and management.
• D. Only hypotension distinguishes them.

Answer: (C)

High vs low blood sugar levels represent opposite states of glucose control. Hyperglycemia means the blood glucose is too high, usually from insufficient insulin action or excess glucose production. It tends to cause increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and blurred vision, and can progress to dehydration or serious complications if not treated, often requiring changes in medication, fluids, and sometimes insulin dosing. Hypoglycemia means the blood glucose is too low, often from too much insulin, skipping meals, or heavy exercise, with symptoms such as sweating, shakiness, dizziness, confusion, and hunger. It needs quick-acting carbohydrates to raise the sugar promptly, followed by a snack or meal to stabilize, and, in severe cases, glucagon or emergency care. These are opposite conditions with distinct symptoms and management, which is why the statement that they are the same or that only other factors distinguish them isn’t correct.